South Korea is a test case on how to fight an ecological disaster

As Byeongwoo Lee slowly walks across a sandy tidal flat on Yubudo, a small island off the west coast of South Korea, the birding guide does so quietly.

“You can’t see the birds right now,” Lee said. “You can feel them.” 

Through the scope, it was just possible to make out their blurry shapes in the dark, and to hear the gentle but powerful “whhhrrr-reet-reet-reet” of tens of thousands of birds as they fed at the shoreline and in the shallow water. 

As the sun rose, the tide retreated until it revealed six miles of the muddy sea floor. Channels of water like tree branches crisscrossed mud teeming with crabs, clams, snails, and sea worms. 

Tidal flats like these are a type of wetland found on coastlines around the world. Korea’s Yellow Sea tidal flats, like those found on Yubudo Island, form the heart of an 18,000-mile route traveled by 50 million shorebirds as they migrate from eastern Russia and Alaska in the summer to Australia and New Zealand in the winter. 

Many of them only stop once on their marathon journeys, and the tidal flats of South Korea provide them with essential food and shelter. 

Yet despite their critical importance to the environment, many are at risk of disappearing. Some of the most important, and most endangered, are found surrounding the Yellow Sea along the shores of China and the western side of the Korean peninsula.

For decades, people have been transforming them into industrial sites and farms, squeezing them into smaller areas and pushing some species to the brink of extinction. But as science increasingly shows how wetlands like these benefit wildlife and help fight climate change, South Korean scientists and conservationists are gaining momentum in their effort to save and restore what’s left.

Why tidal flats are an environmental powerhouse

“The tidal flats made the relationship between humans and the sea possible,” said Joon Kim, a senior researcher at the Jeonnam Research Institute who studies the culture around Korean tidal flats. 

Since prehistory, South Korea’s coastal communities relied on tidal flats for harvesting clams, crabs, octopus, and seaweed, adjusting their way of life to the tide’s schedule. Their biodiversity and abundance inspired many beloved local cuisines, unique coastal culture, and a fishing economy worth over $330 million U.S. dollars a year. 

These same ecosystems are now helping fight climate change. 

South Korean universities are partnering with the government to study tidal flats and their ability to clean polluted water, protect shoreline communities from storms, and mitigate climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide.

Korean tidal flats are full of tiny one-celled organisms called benthic diatoms that sink through the mud as they complete their life cycle, burying carbon dioxide in the deep sediment, says Jong Seong Khim, a marine scientist and professor at Seoul National University.

The diversity and number of benthic diatoms make South Korean tidal flats unique, as does its thick mud—over 80 feet deep in some tidal flats.

In 2021, Khim and his fellow researchers published a study showing South Korea’s tidal flats and salt marshes absorb 260,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually, equivalent to taking about 110,000 cars off the road every year. 

The same year, the South Korean government announced a four-year project to bring back tidal flats and salt marshes to help fight climate change.

Kim hopes that by showing how effectively tidal flats store carbon, governments and conservation groups will recognize them as valuable and save them from being destroyed.

Why tidal flats are in danger 

In the past 70 years, South Korea has transformed from a country devastated by war into a highly developed, industrial nation. During this rapid change, two-thirds of its tidal flats subsequently disappeared. 

In a country surrounded by the ocean on three sides, like South Korea, engineering solid, dry land over water-logged terrain, a process referred to as land reclamation, can expand territory or create more farmland.

Of all the threats to tidal flats—such as sea level rise and pollution—land reclamation has led to the most loss. 

Scientists are only beginning to understand the true extent of this loss globally, but one recent study suggests 16 percent of the world’s tidal flats have disappeared in the past few decades.

“We are at a point where we should consider what we can do to give back to tidal flats,” said Kim.

One of the most controversial shoreline developments is Saemangeum, a 100,000-acre reclamation project seven times the size of Manhattan.

Developers first envisioned Saemangeum as a vast agricultural area for rice cultivation, then as the economy changed, they promised to turn it into an industrial corridor. 

In 2006, despite lawsuits and protests, a 21-mile-long wall in Saemangeum deprived the ecosystem of the water it needed to exist. Just one part of the region’s transformation, it set the Guinness World Record for the world’s longest sea dam.

Millions of shellfish died when the wall severed the ecosystem from the tide. 

Finding no food and no place to land, tens of thousands of migratory birds disappeared. About 90,000 now-endangered great knot birds died, driving their total population numbers down by at least 24 percent. 

It wasn’t only wildlife that suffered. Before the wall, the area was known for the nation’s best clams, with a fishing industry supporting around 20,000 people. Nearly all of that disappeared.

And yet despite promises of jobs made to the community, developers have completed less than half of the reclamation, and much of what has been reclaimed are undeveloped empty lots. 

Saemangeum developers now plan to build an airport over the last remaining tidal flat, Sura, with construction scheduled to begin in 2024. Activists are suing to stop it, pointing out that the site still provides habitat for endangered species like black-faced spoonbills and Far Eastern curlews. 

“It’s painful to remember how much it’s changed. Sometimes you forget how beautiful it was in the past because your eyes adjust to what it looks like now,” said Dongpil Oh, one of the activists involved and leader of the Saemangeum Citizen Ecological Investigation Team. 

A new era of conservation

After 30 years of construction, Saemangeum has become synonymous with ecological collapse, but it also sparked an environmental movement in South Korea after people witnessed what happens when tidal flats are lost. 

Two years after the Saemangeum seawall was finished, in 2008, the South Korean government banned new large-scale reclamation projects—though developments already in progress, like Saemangeum, are still permitted. 

And in 2019, reclamation of tidal flats finally plateaued in South Korea, when the net gain from restoration barely surpassed the loss, according to a 2023 report from the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

One of the best places to see the benefit of this kind of conservation is South Korea’s Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve, on the peninsula’s southern edge. The wetland was spared from the threat of development in the ‘90s, when residents and activists protested the government’s plan to mine the land. 

Suncheon Bay became the country’s first internationally protected coastal wetland, and its tidal flats were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2021, along with four other tidal flats in South Korea. Every year, over six million tourists visit the wetland and the nearby National Garden to see wildlife like hooded cranes and blue-spotted mud skippers.

With municipal and national funds, the Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve bought nearby farmland by the coast, restoring the connection with the sea. 

Their holistic approach to restoration has introduced organic rice farming to reduce pollution from runoff and educational opportunities for ecotourists, residents, and children in local schools. Suncheon’s success is a blueprint for tidal flat conservation around the world.

“Our focus is on letting the tide flow again, like it always did,” said Sunmi Hwang, a conservationist with the wetland reserve. “And then nature heals itself.”

Photographer Youngrae Kim and writer Anna Jeanine Kim tell stories about the intersection of humans, culture and the environment. The National Geographic Society has funded their work documenting the beauty and importance of coastal ecosystems since 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Korea’s Yellow Sea tidal flats, like those found on Yubudo Island, form the heart of an 18,000-mile route traveled by 50 million shorebirds as they migrate from eastern Russia and Alaska in the summer to Australia and New Zealand in the winter. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html5″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Many of them only stop once on their marathon journeys, and the tidal flats of South Korea provide them with essential food and shelter. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html6″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Yet despite their critical importance to the environment, many are at risk of disappearing. Some of the most important, and most endangered, are found surrounding the Yellow Sea along the shores of China and the western side of the Korean peninsula.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html7″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”For decades, people have been transforming them into industrial sites and farms, squeezing them into smaller areas and pushing some species to the brink of extinction. 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Many residents of small islands surrounding the Saemangeum seawall historically depended on the seafood industry, but the destruction of nearby tidal flats significantly decreased their harvests, threatening their livelihood.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fb221119-1dd5-4dd4-b78e-937eee18fd44/yrk_tidal_13.jpg”}],”size”:”medium”},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html8″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Why tidal flats are an environmental powerhouse”},”type”:”h2″,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html9″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”“The tidal flats made the relationship between humans and the sea possible,” said Joon Kim, a senior researcher at the Jeonnam Research Institute who studies the culture around Korean tidal flats. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html10″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Since prehistory, South Korea’s coastal communities relied on tidal flats for harvesting clams, crabs, octopus, and seaweed, adjusting their way of life to the tide’s schedule. Their biodiversity and abundance inspired many beloved local cuisines, unique coastal culture, and a fishing economy worth over $330 million U.S. dollars a year. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html11″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”These same ecosystems are now helping fight climate change. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html12″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”South Korean universities are partnering with the government to study tidal flats and their ability to clean polluted water, protect shoreline communities from storms, and mitigate climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html13″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Korean tidal flats are full of tiny one-celled organisms called benthic diatoms that sink through the mud as they complete their life cycle, burying carbon dioxide in the deep sediment, says Jong Seong Khim, a marine scientist and professor at Seoul National University.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”b43fd4a4-9b9d-438c-8839-c20bc0688b38″,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”image”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”b43fd4a4-9b9d-438c-8839-c20bc0688b38″,”lines”:3,”positionMetaBottom”:true,”showMore”:true,”caption”:”Seoul National University researcher Inok Lee hands a sediment sample to her colleague outside the Saemangeum seawall. Scientists like Lee are studying how the large-scale development project is harming water quality and marine wildlife.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”Seoul National University researcher Inok Lee hands a sediment sample to her colleague outside the Saemangeum seawall in South Korea on Oct. 12, 2022. South Korean researchers have been studying the impact of tidal flat reclamation on water quality and marine species.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”Seoul National University researcher Inok Lee hands a sediment sample to her colleague outside the Saemangeum seawall in South Korea on Oct. 12, 2022. South Korean researchers have been studying the impact of tidal flat reclamation on water quality and marine species.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”align”:”pageWidth”,”belowParagraph”:true,”imageSrc”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9d90fe96-bc3b-439e-bfd1-f3e8a3fd1909/yrk_tidal_36_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358″,”size”:”medium”,”hideTitle”:false,”hideCredit”:true},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html14″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”The diversity and number of benthic diatoms make South Korean tidal flats unique, as does its thick mud—over 80 feet deep in some tidal flats.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html15″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”In 2021, Khim and his fellow researchers published a study showing South Korea’s tidal flats and salt marshes absorb 260,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually, equivalent to taking about 110,000 cars off the road every year. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html16″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”The same year, the South Korean government announced a four-year project to bring back tidal flats and salt marshes to help fight climate change.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html17″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Kim hopes that by showing how effectively tidal flats store carbon, governments and conservation groups will recognize them as valuable and save them from being destroyed.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”42a26631-acf0-4b88-82ea-b8804256f69a”,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”image”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”42a26631-acf0-4b88-82ea-b8804256f69a”,”lines”:3,”positionMetaBottom”:true,”showMore”:true,”caption”:”People ride recreational boats through a man-made canal at a city park in Songdo, South Korea. Once a thriving tidal flat ecosystem, Songdo was built on reclaimed land and hailed for creating \”a city out of nothing.\” Over the past 70 years, South Korea has lost over two-thirds of its tidal flats due to reclamation projects like these.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”People ride recreational boats through a man-made canal at Central Park in Songdo, South Korea on July 18, 2023. Once a thriving tidal flat ecosystem, Songdo was built on reclaimed land and hailed for creating \”a city out of nothing.\” South Korea has lost over two-thirds of its tidal flats due to reclamation in the past 70 years.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”People ride recreational boats through a man-made canal at Central Park in Songdo, South Korea on July 18, 2023. Once a thriving tidal flat ecosystem, Songdo was built on reclaimed land and hailed for creating \”a city out of nothing.\” South Korea has lost over two-thirds of its tidal flats due to reclamation in the past 70 years.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”align”:”pageWidth”,”belowParagraph”:true,”imageSrc”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8bfe6e82-0303-4bb5-af8c-9951eb45848d/yrk_tidal_79_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358″,”size”:”medium”,”hideTitle”:false,”hideCredit”:true},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html18″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Why tidal flats are in danger “},”type”:”h2″,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html19″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”In the past 70 years, South Korea has transformed from a country devastated by war into a highly developed, industrial nation. During this rapid change, two-thirds of its tidal flats subsequently disappeared. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html20″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”In a country surrounded by the ocean on three sides, like South Korea, engineering solid, dry land over water-logged terrain, a process referred to as land reclamation, can expand territory or create more farmland.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html21″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Of all the threats to tidal flats—such as sea level rise and pollution—land reclamation has led to the most loss. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html22″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Scientists are only beginning to understand the true extent of this loss globally, but one recent study suggests 16 percent of the world’s tidal flats have disappeared in the past few decades.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html23″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”“We are at a point where we should consider what we can do to give back to tidal flats,” said Kim.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”6e0d5cc5-41db-4c82-9786-e8d8c4aa3ada”,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”imagegroup”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”6e0d5cc5-41db-4c82-9786-e8d8c4aa3ada”,”align”:”pageWidth”,”groupCredit”:”ESA/NASA/USGS”,”images”:[{“aspectRatio”:1.0417090539165819,”caption”:”In 1989, a satellite image shows what the tidal flats around the Saemangeum development project looked like before construction began in earnest. “,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.0417090539165819,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76.jpg”,”crdt”:”ESA/NASA/USGS”,”dsc”:”A satellite image of the tidal flats on the west coast of South Korea in 1989.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”A satellite image of the tidal flats on the west coast of South Korea in 1989. “},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1354e04a-ba10-432f-ab63-5dff3a283c90/yrk_tidal_76.jpg”},{“aspectRatio”:1.0417090539165819,”caption”:”By 2018, a satellite image of that same tidal flat reveals the effect of a 21-mile seawall and construction. The 100,000-acre reclamation project is seven times the size of Manhattan.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.0417090539165819,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77.jpg”,”crdt”:”ESA/NASA/USGS”,”dsc”:”A satellite image of the tidal flats on the west coast of South Korea in 2018 showing the three decades of landscape change due to the construction of the 21-mile Saemangeum seawall. The 100,000-acre reclamation project is seven times the size of Manhattan.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”A satellite image of the tidal flats on the west coast of South Korea in 2018 showing the three decades of landscape change due to the construction of the 21-mile Saemangeum seawall. The 100,000-acre reclamation project is seven times the size of Manhattan.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a51d3eea-0504-4804-a5c2-3a2d03a72354/yrk_tidal_77.jpg”}],”size”:”medium”},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”ec5450f8-3da6-4827-b893-db87fef03469″,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”image”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”ec5450f8-3da6-4827-b893-db87fef03469″,”lines”:3,”positionMetaBottom”:true,”showMore”:true,”caption”:”The 21-mile-long Saemangeum seawall is is the longest such structure in the world. After its construction, tens of thousands of shorebirds disappeared from the area that used to be one of the most important habitats along the Yellow Sea region. “,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”The Saemangeum seawall is seen from above near Gunsan, South Korea on May 9, 2023. The 21-mile-long seawall is the longest in the world. With it’s construction, tens of thousands of shorebirds disappeared from the area that used to be one of the most important habitats in the Yellow Sea region. The Saemangeum project reclaimed 100,000 acres, about seven times the size of Manhattan.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”The Saemangeum seawall is seen from above near Gunsan, South Korea on May 9, 2023. The 21-mile-long seawall is the longest in the world. With it’s construction, tens of thousands of shorebirds disappeared from the area that used to be one of the most important habitats in the Yellow Sea region. The Saemangeum project reclaimed 100,000 acres, about seven times the size of Manhattan.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”align”:”pageWidth”,”imageSrc”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7dc36a43-070d-443f-9a44-3c45584fda28/yrk_tidal_50_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358″,”size”:”medium”,”hideTitle”:false,”hideCredit”:true},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html24″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”One of the most controversial shoreline developments is Saemangeum, a 100,000-acre reclamation project seven times the size of Manhattan.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html25″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Developers first envisioned Saemangeum as a vast agricultural area for rice cultivation, then as the economy changed, they promised to turn it into an industrial corridor. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html26″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”In 2006, despite lawsuits and protests, a 21-mile-long wall in Saemangeum deprived the ecosystem of the water it needed to exist. Just one part of the region’s transformation, it set the Guinness World Record for the world’s longest sea dam.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html27″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Millions of shellfish died when the wall severed the ecosystem from the tide. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html28″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Finding no food and no place to land, tens of thousands of migratory birds disappeared. About 90,000 now-endangered great knot birds died, driving their total population numbers down by at least 24 percent. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”f4432865-4092-43e0-9579-f4ef058d545f”,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”image”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”f4432865-4092-43e0-9579-f4ef058d545f”,”lines”:3,”positionMetaBottom”:true,”showMore”:true,”caption”:”As excavators work on tidal flat reclamation in Songdo, shorebirds rest during their annual migration from Australia to the Russian Far East. Developing tidal flats in this region destroys critical habitats for the 50 million migratory birds that fly this route every year.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”Shorebirds rest during their annual migration from Australia to the Russian Far East as excavators work on tidal flat reclamation in Songdo, South Korea on April 23, 2023. South Korea has lost over two-thirds of its tidal flats due to reclamation in the past 70 years, causing the loss of critical habitats for the 50 million migratory birds that fly along the route every year.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”Shorebirds rest during their annual migration from Australia to the Russian Far East as excavators work on tidal flat reclamation in Songdo, South Korea on April 23, 2023. South Korea has lost over two-thirds of its tidal flats due to reclamation in the past 70 years, causing the loss of critical habitats for the 50 million migratory birds that fly along the route every year.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”align”:”pageWidth”,”belowParagraph”:true,”imageSrc”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7d5240dd-d97e-4bb1-884b-b73cbcc846be/yrk_tidal_8_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358″,”size”:”medium”,”hideTitle”:false,”hideCredit”:true},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”bfd02a78-d442-4936-b575-a839249615aa”,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”imagegroup”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”bfd02a78-d442-4936-b575-a839249615aa”,”align”:”pageWidth”,”images”:[{“aspectRatio”:1.5003663003663004,”caption”:”Great knots feed on clams and seaworms at a tidal flat near Yubudo, a small island off the west coast of South Korea. About 80 percent of great knots have disappeared in the last two decades due to habitat loss.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”Great knots feed on clams and seaworms at a tidal flat near Yubudo, a small island off the west coast of South Korea on Sept. 27, 2022. About 80% of great knots have disappeared in the last two decades due to habitat loss from reclamation projects and development.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”Great knots feed on clams and seaworms at a tidal flat near Yubudo, a small island off the west coast of South Korea on Sept. 27, 2022. About 80% of great knots have disappeared in the last two decades due to habitat loss from reclamation projects and development.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fde5b8c3-8a5b-448d-a991-3883526a55eb/yrk_tidal_64.jpg”},{“aspectRatio”:1.5003663003663004,”caption”:”Dongpil Oh and his son, Seungjun Oh, conduct monthly surveys of shorebird populations on the the Sura tidal flat found in Gunsan, South Korea. Sura is one of the last remaining tidal flats found within the Saemangeum reclamation site. Dongpil and Seungjun are part of the Saemangeum Citizen Ecology Investigation Team, a grassroots organization that advocates for conservation and documents threats to tidal flats impacted by the Saemanguem.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”Dongpil Oh and his son Seungjun Oh conduct a monthly survey of the population of shorebirds in Sura tidal flat in Gunsan, South Korea on May 6, 2023. Sura is one of the last remaining tidal flat and salt marsh ecosystems within the Saemangeum reclamation site. The two are part of the Saemangeum Citizen Ecology Investigation Team, a grassroots organization that advocates for conservation and documents threats to tidal flats impacted by the Saemanguem reclamation project.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”Dongpil Oh and his son Seungjun Oh conduct a monthly survey of the population of shorebirds in Sura tidal flat in Gunsan, South Korea on May 6, 2023. Sura is one of the last remaining tidal flat and salt marsh ecosystems within the Saemangeum reclamation site. The two are part of the Saemangeum Citizen Ecology Investigation Team, a grassroots organization that advocates for conservation and documents threats to tidal flats impacted by the Saemanguem reclamation project.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/fecef23e-45af-43fc-97d2-e0a53072f05b/yrk_tidal_59.jpg”}],”size”:”medium”},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html29″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”It wasn’t only wildlife that suffered. Before the wall, the area was known for the nation’s best clams, with a fishing industry supporting around 20,000 people. Nearly all of that disappeared.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html30″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”And yet despite promises of jobs made to the community, developers have completed less than half of the reclamation, and much of what has been reclaimed are undeveloped empty lots. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html31″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Saemangeum developers now plan to build an airport over the last remaining tidal flat, Sura, with construction scheduled to begin in 2024. Activists are suing to stop it, pointing out that the site still provides habitat for endangered species like black-faced spoonbills and Far Eastern curlews. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html32″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”“It’s painful to remember how much it’s changed. Sometimes you forget how beautiful it was in the past because your eyes adjust to what it looks like now,” said Dongpil Oh, one of the activists involved and leader of the Saemangeum Citizen Ecological Investigation Team. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”3c2555d2-d56b-409b-aaa9-6f054a4cc10d”,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”imagegroup”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”3c2555d2-d56b-409b-aaa9-6f054a4cc10d”,”align”:”pageWidth”,”images”:[{“aspectRatio”:0.6669921875,”caption”:”Halophytes turn red on a tidal flat in Sinan, South Korea. South Korean researchers are studying how salt-tolerant plants like these can boost tidal flats’ ability to fight climate change by absorbing carbon.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:0.6669921875,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”Halophytes turn red on a tidal flat in Sinan in South Korea on June 18, 2023. South Korean researchers are studying how salt-tolerant plants boost tidal flats’ ability to fight climate change by absorbing carbon.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”Halophytes turn red on a tidal flat in Sinan in South Korea on June 18, 2023. South Korean researchers are studying how salt-tolerant plants boost tidal flats’ ability to fight climate change by absorbing carbon.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2ba58b89-14b6-44cb-89ba-e1db29a729ea/yrk_tidal_71.jpg”},{“aspectRatio”:0.66650390625,”caption”:”A blue-spotted mudskipper jumps during a mating dance at low tide in Sinan. Resting in its burrow at high tide and feeding in the mud when the tide goes out, the unusual, amphibious fish is adapted to the tidal flat’s drastic daily changes.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:0.66650390625,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”A blue-spotted mudskipper jumps during a mating dance at low tide in Sinan in South Korea on June 18, 2023. Resting in its burrow at high tide and feeding in the mud when the tide goes out, the unusual amphibious fish is among the few creatures adapted to the tidal flat’s daily drastic change of environment.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”A blue-spotted mudskipper jumps during a mating dance at low tide in Sinan in South Korea on June 18, 2023. Resting in its burrow at high tide and feeding in the mud when the tide goes out, the unusual amphibious fish is among the few creatures adapted to the tidal flat’s daily drastic change of environment.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/821cac9e-c530-4c48-b203-e4be6a8af424/yrk_tidal_69.jpg”}],”size”:”medium”},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”77dff83b-42cf-4760-8042-8a2e39d0d26b”,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”image”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”77dff83b-42cf-4760-8042-8a2e39d0d26b”,”lines”:3,”positionMetaBottom”:true,”showMore”:true,”caption”:”National Institute of Ecology researchers and local volunteers tag baby black-faced spoonbills with GPS trackers in Incheon, South Korea. Around 90 percent of these endangered shorebirds breed on the country’s west coast. After their worldwide population dropped below 300 in the late 1980s, conservation efforts have brought their numbers to around 5,200. “As a top predator in tidal flats, their health can indicate the health of the overall ecosystem,” researcher Inki Kwon said.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”National Institute of Ecology researchers work with local volunteers to tag baby black-faced spoonbills and install GPS trackers in Incheon, South Korea on June 10, 2023. Around 90 percent of these endangered shorebirds breed on the country’s west coast. After their worldwide population dropped below 300 in the late 1980s, conservation efforts have brought their numbers to around 5,200. “As a top predator in tidal flats, their health can indicate the health of the overall ecosystem,” researcher Inki Kwon said.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”National Institute of Ecology researchers work with local volunteers to tag baby black-faced spoonbills and install GPS trackers in Incheon, South Korea on June 10, 2023. Around 90 percent of these endangered shorebirds breed on the country’s west coast. After their worldwide population dropped below 300 in the late 1980s, conservation efforts have brought their numbers to around 5,200. “As a top predator in tidal flats, their health can indicate the health of the overall ecosystem,” researcher Inki Kwon said.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”align”:”pageWidth”,”imageSrc”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d3a2b880-3c21-42e0-950d-3302b9959482/yrk_tidal_17_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358″,”size”:”medium”,”hideTitle”:false,”hideCredit”:true},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html33″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”A new era of conservation”},”type”:”h2″,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html34″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”After 30 years of construction, Saemangeum has become synonymous with ecological collapse, but it also sparked an environmental movement in South Korea after people witnessed what happens when tidal flats are lost. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html35″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Two years after the Saemangeum seawall was finished, in 2008, the South Korean government banned new large-scale reclamation projects—though developments already in progress, like Saemangeum, are still permitted. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html36″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”And in 2019, reclamation of tidal flats finally plateaued in South Korea, when the net gain from restoration barely surpassed the loss, according to a 2023 report from the International Union for Conservation of Nature.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html37″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”One of the best places to see the benefit of this kind of conservation is South Korea’s Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve, on the peninsula’s southern edge. The wetland was spared from the threat of development in the ‘90s, when residents and activists protested the government’s plan to mine the land. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”cb6a031f-0913-46c7-a15a-9beff7452806″,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”image”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”cb6a031f-0913-46c7-a15a-9beff7452806″,”lines”:3,”positionMetaBottom”:true,”showMore”:true,”caption”:”Ecotourist guide Sunjeong Heo points out a flock of birds over a tidal flat at Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve in South Korea. Drawing over six million visitors a year, the UNESCO World Heritage site is a blueprint for the country’s tidal flat conservation and ecotourism.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”People react as ecotourism guide Sunjeong Heo points out a flock of birds over a tidal flat on a tourboat at Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve in South Korea on April 2, 2023. Drawing over six million visitors a year, the UNESCO World Heritage site is a blueprint for the country’s tidal flat conservation and ecotourism.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”People react as ecotourism guide Sunjeong Heo points out a flock of birds over a tidal flat on a tourboat at Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve in South Korea on April 2, 2023. Drawing over six million visitors a year, the UNESCO World Heritage site is a blueprint for the country’s tidal flat conservation and ecotourism.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”align”:”pageWidth”,”belowParagraph”:true,”imageSrc”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a46d7bd7-7be6-4b23-ac33-1a26f628b669/yrk_tidal_21_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358″,”size”:”medium”,”hideTitle”:false,”hideCredit”:true},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html38″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Suncheon Bay became the country’s first internationally protected coastal wetland, and its tidal flats were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2021, along with four other tidal flats in South Korea. Every year, over six million tourists visit the wetland and the nearby National Garden to see wildlife like hooded cranes and blue-spotted mud skippers.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html39″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”With municipal and national funds, the Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve bought nearby farmland by the coast, restoring the connection with the sea. “},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html40″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”Their holistic approach to restoration has introduced organic rice farming to reduce pollution from runoff and educational opportunities for ecotourists, residents, and children in local schools. Suncheon’s success is a blueprint for tidal flat conservation around the world.”},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”html41″,”cntnt”:{“mrkup”:”“Our focus is on letting the tide flow again, like it always did,” said Sunmi Hwang, a conservationist with the wetland reserve. “And then nature heals itself.””},”type”:”p”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”20478996-0eb1-4550-ab37-56f533aaeca4″,”cntnt”:{“cmsType”:”image”,”hasCopyright”:true,”id”:”20478996-0eb1-4550-ab37-56f533aaeca4″,”lines”:3,”positionMetaBottom”:true,”showMore”:true,”caption”:”The sun sets over Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve at low tide. About 16 percent of the world’s tidal flats have been destroyed in just the past few decades, but science is increasingly showing how important these ecosystems are for preserving wildlife and fighting climate change.”,”image”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”The sun sets over Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve at low tide in South Korea on Oct. 15, 2022. Drawing over six million visitors a year, the UNESCO World Heritage site is a blueprint for the country’s tidal flat conservation and ecotourism.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”The sun sets over Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve at low tide in South Korea on Oct. 15, 2022. Drawing over six million visitors a year, the UNESCO World Heritage site is a blueprint for the country’s tidal flat conservation and ecotourism.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”align”:”browserWidth”,”belowParagraph”:true,”imageSrc”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56338612-78a9-421c-94cd-86e182f6c315/yrk_tidal_22_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358″,”size”:”large”,”hideTitle”:false,”hideCredit”:true},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}},{“id”:”ed71d860-3afa-4ae0-9810-e5a21853ace0″,”cntnt”:{“id”:”ed71d860-3afa-4ae0-9810-e5a21853ace0″,”cmsType”:”editorsNote”,”note”:”Photographer Youngrae Kim and writer Anna Jeanine Kim tell stories about the intersection of humans, culture and the environment. The National Geographic Society has funded their work documenting the beauty and importance of coastal ecosystems since 2022. “},”type”:”inline”,”style”:{}}],”cid”:”drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:0bf7eb9d-4b77-40e5-9870-8d2b601f71aa”,”cntrbGrp”:[{“contributors”:[{“displayName”:”Anna Jeanine Kim”}],”title”:”By”,”rl”:”Writer”},{“contributors”:[{“displayName”:”Youngrae Kim”}],”title”:”Photographs By”,”rl”:”Photographer”}],”mode”:”richtext”,”dtln”:”Yubudo, South Korea”,”enableAds”:true,”endbug”:true,”hsImmrsvLd”:true,”isMetered”:false,”isUserAuthed”:false,”isTruncated”:false,”isEntitled”:false,”freemiumContentGatingEnabled”:true,”premiumContentGatingEnabled”:false,”mdDt”:”2023-08-15T14:20:15.188Z”,”readTime”:”15 min read”,”schma”:{“athrs”:[{“name”:”Anna Jeanine Kim”}],”cnnicl”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/tidal-flats-wetland-conservation-south-korea”,”lg”:”https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/default.NG.logo.dark.jpg”,”pblshr”:”National Geographic”,”abt”:”Climate Change”,”sclDsc”:”After two-thirds of the country’s tidal flats were lost to shoreline development, South Korean scientists set out to prove why this ecosystem is so essential.”,”sclImg”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_16x9.jpg?w=1200″,”sclTtl”:”South Korea is a test case on how to fight an ecological disaster”},”sctn”:”Environment”,”shrURLs”:{“fbIcon”:”facebook”,”fb”:”https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fenvironment%2Farticle%2Ftidal-flats-wetland-conservation-south-korea”,”fbAriaLabel”:”article.facebookShare.ariaLabel”,”fbLabel”:”article.facebookShare.label”,”fbButtonTracking”:{“event_name”:”share”,”share_content_type”:”article”,”content_title”:”south korea is a test case on how to fight an ecological disaster”,”share_method”:”facebook”},”emailIcon”:”email__filled”,”email”:”mailto:?subject=South%20Korea%20is%20a%20test%20case%20on%20how%20to%20fight%20an%20ecological%20disaster&body=After%20two-thirds%20of%20the%20country%E2%80%99s%20tidal%20flats%20were%20lost%20to%20shoreline%20development%2C%20South%20Korean%20scientists%20set%20out%20to%20prove%20why%20this%20ecosystem%20is%20so%20essential.%0A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fenvironment%2Farticle%2Ftidal-flats-wetland-conservation-south-korea”,”emailLabel”:”Email”,”emailButtonTracking”:{“event_name”:”share”,”share_content_type”:”article”,”content_title”:”south korea is a test case on how to fight an ecological disaster”,”share_method”:”email”},”twitter”:”https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fenvironment%2Farticle%2Ftidal-flats-wetland-conservation-south-korea&text=South%20Korea%20is%20a%20test%20case%20on%20how%20to%20fight%20an%20ecological%20disaster&via=NatGeo”,”twitterLabel”:”Tweet”,”twitterButtonTracking”:{“event_name”:”share”,”share_content_type”:”article”,”content_title”:”south korea is a test case on how to fight an ecological disaster”,”share_method”:”twitter”}},”wrdcnt”:1502,”trnctnMssg”:{“id”:”freemium-truncation-tile-1″,”cmsType”:”PaywallTile”,”subtype”:”truncation”,”title”:”Unlock this story for free”,”subtitle”:”Create an account to read the full story and get unlimited access to hundreds of Nat Geo articles.”,”ctas”:[{“text”:”Sign Up”,”target”:”_self”,”type”:”oneid”,”useOneID”:true},{“text”:”Sign In.”,”target”:”_self”,”type”:”oneid”,”useOneID”:true}],”firstText”:”for your free account.”,”secondText”:”If you already have an account,”,”campaignName”:”20230328_freemium_general_global_truncation”},”pbDt”:”2023-08-15T14:20:32.495Z”,”dt”:”2023-08-15T14:20:32.495Z”}]}],”cmsType”:”ArticleBodyFrame”},null,{“id”:”paywall-meter-frame1″},{“id”:”paywall-frame1″},{“id”:”premium-frame”},{“id”:”freemium-frame”,”mods”:[{“id”:”freemium-module-1″,”cmsType”:”StackModule”,”align”:”left”,”edgs”:[{“id”:”freemium-slider-tile-1″,”cmsType”:”PaywallTile”,”subtype”:”slider”,”heading”:”Enter your email to unlock this story and more”,”description”:”Get the best of Nat Geo delivered to your inbox, plus unlimited access to free content. To continue, enter your email below.”,”cta”:{“text”:”SUBMIT”,”target”:”_self”,”type”:”oneid”,”useOneID”:true},”campaignName”:”20230713_freemium_general_slider_global”,”contentPackageId”:”22b9ab2a-e784-429e-9421-36d997fff940″,”ftrTxt”:”Already have an account?”,”ftrCta”:{“text”:”SIGN IN”,”target”:”_self”,”type”:”oneid”,”useOneID”:true},”sldrTyp”:”freemium”,”pgType”:”article”,”scsMsg”:”Thank you for signing up. Explore more now and look for National Geographic in your inbox soon!”}]}]},{“id”:”upsell-frame”},{“id”:”natgeo-web-template-readthisnext-frame”,”mods”:[{“id”:”natgeo-web-template-readthisnext-module”,”cmsType”:”RecirculationGridModule”,”itemTruncate”:{“description”:4,”title”:4},”contentList”:[{“description”:”From Italian beef sandwiches to flaming Greek cheese, here’s where to find the Windy City’s best multicultural cuisine.”,”img”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.499267935578331,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/38f76412-5428-4d07-aa6e-791422056a35/h_00000201259332.jpg”,”altText”:”Sign illuminated outdoor.”,”crdt”:”Photograph By Andrea Artz/laif/Redux”,”dsc”:”The USA, Illinois, Chicago, hot dog sign, evening, neon, fast food, speciality, Eat Me, sign, evening mood,”,”ext”:”jpg”,”ttl”:”h_00000201259332.jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”The USA, Illinois, Chicago, hot dog sign, evening, neon, fast food, speciality, Eat Me, sign, evening mood,”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:”h_00000201259332.jpg”},”ratio”:”3×2″},”isFeatured”:true,”sections”:[{“name”:”Travel”,”id”:”432c4f83-2d55-3974-b95f-a221c87c0fd1″,”type”:”sources”,”uri”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel”}],”headline”:”Liked ‘The Bear’? 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former Grand Canyon ranger watches a winter sunrise over a section of the Colorado River called Conquistador Aisle.”,”crdt”:”Photograph by Pete McBride, Nat Geo Image Collection”,”dsc”:”A former Grand Canyon ranger watches a winter sunrise over a section of the Colorado River called Conquistador Aisle.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”ttl”:”grand-canyon-national-monument”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”A former Grand Canyon ranger watches a winter sunrise over a section of the Colorado River called Conquistador Aisle.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:”grand-canyon-national-monument”}},”abstract”:”The designation of the land as a national monument, confirmed to National Geographic this week by the White House, will prevent new uranium mines and protect historically significant tribal lands.”,”title”:”U.S. to protect 1 million acres of ‘sacred’ land near Grand Canyon”,”tags”:[{“name”:”Environment”,”id”:”623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5″,”type”:”sources”,”uri”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment”}]},{“id”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-animals-tile”,”cmsType”:”RegularStandardPrismTile”,”isEntitled”:false,”cId”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-animals-tile_922724bc-becb-4a0a-b553-80f599d984eb”,”description”:”A new generation of animal welfare activists argue that U.S. state bystander laws give them the right to save animals in distress—including those in factory farms.”,”ctas”:[{“url”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/activists-call-it-rescue-farms-call-it-stealing-what-is-open-rescue”,”text”:”natgeo.ctaText.read”,”icon”:”article”}],”img”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5036710719530102,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d9e7c2bf-2c01-455b-8106-f35096a200d3/WAM474.jpg”,”altText”:”woman holds a chicken”,”crdt”:”Photograph by Jo-Anne McArthur, We Animals Media”,”dsc”:”In a recent email, Animal Equality activist María González Sola remembers the day she rescued a hen from from a battery cage at an egg-producing facility in Spain, \”That day we went in like so many nights to document the horror that millions of animals are experiencing and to save 5 lives. I remember the difficult decision to open a cage and for a second to be able to choose if someone would have the opportunity to have a real life, to be able to walk, take the sun, eat different foods… choose who would live and heal and who would stay in that hell. These acts were/are done with an open face because we have nothing to hide from, we are convinced that helping those who need it is an act of justice. I wish we could show the world the hell that animal farms are and how wonderful and comforting is the act of liberating and restoring dignity to those who experience that horror.\” González currently runs a sanctuary of 150 animals from more than a dozen species and she continues to try to raise awareness about their suffering.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”In a recent email, Animal Equality activist María González Sola remembers the day she rescued a hen from from a battery cage at an egg-producing facility in Spain, \”That day we went in like so many nights to document the horror that millions of animals are experiencing and to save 5 lives. I remember the difficult decision to open a cage and for a second to be able to choose if someone would have the opportunity to have a real life, to be able to walk, take the sun, eat different foods… choose who would live and heal and who would stay in that hell. These acts were/are done with an open face because we have nothing to hide from, we are convinced that helping those who need it is an act of justice.  I wish we could show the world the hell that animal farms are and how wonderful and comforting is the act of liberating and restoring dignity to those who experience that horror.\” González currently runs a sanctuary of 150 animals from more than a dozen species and she continues to try to raise awareness about their suffering.

“},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”abstract”:”A new generation of animal welfare activists argue that U.S. state bystander laws give them the right to save animals in distress—including those in factory farms.”,”title”:”Is it a rescue or stealing? Inside the ‘open rescue’ movement”,”tags”:[{“name”:”Animals”,”id”:”fa010584-7bbf-3e92-90f9-586bb27fce94″,”type”:”sources”,”uri”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals”}]},{“id”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-animals-tile”,”cmsType”:”RegularStandardPrismTile”,”isEntitled”:false,”cId”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-animals-tile_080e914f-b716-4ce3-9227-3e7fe05aa4d7″,”description”:”Fun fact: This invasive species can grow well over a foot long and secretes a toxin to “digest” their prey outside the body before they eat it.”,”ctas”:[{“url”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/invasive-hammerhead-worms”,”text”:”natgeo.ctaText.read”,”icon”:”article”}],”img”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.499267935578331,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/7aa2aff1-5254-42b3-86f8-a38c9613c4d7/Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2.jpg”,”altText”:”Hammer Head worm slithers on leaf.”,”crdt”:”Photograph By Matt Bertone”,”dsc”:”The semi-circular head of flatworms in the genus Bipalium (and closely related genera) house sensory organs and numerous tiny eyes, and also give rise to their common name, hammerhead worms.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”ttl”:”Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2.”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”The semi-circular head of flatworms in the genus Bipalium (and closely related genera) house sensory organs and numerous tiny eyes, and also give rise to their common name, hammerhead worms.


“},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:”Bertone_Bipalium_kewense2.”}},”abstract”:”Fun fact: This invasive species can grow well over a foot long and secretes a toxin to “digest” their prey outside the body before they eat it.”,”title”:”These bizarre worms are probably coming to a backyard near you”,”tags”:[{“name”:”Animals”,”id”:”fa010584-7bbf-3e92-90f9-586bb27fce94″,”type”:”sources”,”uri”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals”}]}],”heading”:”Animals”,”pageInfo”:{“endCursor”:”NTpSRmxPUVY4d0kwbEVPa1JTVG54a2NtNDZjM0pqT201aGRHZGxienAxYm1semIyNDZPbkJ5YjJRNk1EZ3daVGt4TkdZdFlqY3hOaTAwWTJVekxUa3lNamN0TTJVM1ptVXdOV0ZoTkdRM0kxTlBVbFE2YjNKcFoybHVZV3hRZFdKc2FYTm9aV1JFWVhSbGZERTJPVEV4TlRZNE56a3lOREU9″,”hasNextPage”:true},”templateContext”:”eyJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6IlVuaXNvbkFydGljbGVDb250ZW50IiwidmFyaWFibGVzIjp7ImluY2x1ZGVNZWRpYUNvbnRlbnRzIjoidHJ1ZSIsImxvY2F0b3IiOiIvZW52aXJvbm1lbnQvYXJ0aWNsZS90aWRhbC1mbGF0cy13ZXRsYW5kLWNvbnNlcnZhdGlvbi1zb3V0aC1rb3JlYSIsInBvcnRmb2xpbyI6Im5hdGdlbyIsInF1ZXJ5VHlwZSI6IkxPQ0FUT1IifSwibW9kdWxlSWQiOm51bGx9″},{“id”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-environment”,”cmsType”:”CarouselModule”,”centerHeading”:true,”edgs”:[{“id”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-history-tile”,”cmsType”:”RegularStandardPrismTile”,”isEntitled”:false,”cId”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-history-tile_36f4b643-bc28-4c66-9db3-15bbd3c24217″,”description”:”It’s “the same thing as traditional meat,” scientists say, but with “the animal taken out of the equation.””,”ctas”:[{“url”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/lab-grown-cultured-meat-alternatives”,”text”:”natgeo.ctaText.read”,”icon”:”article”}],”img”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04.JPG”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04_16x9.JPG”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04_3x2.JPG”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04_square.JPG”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04_2x3.JPG”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04_3x4.JPG”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04_4x3.JPG”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04_2x1.JPG”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ff700319-9393-4aa7-bdd3-280cadbd6fd1/RTX12B04.JPG”,”altText”:”two hands hold a petri dish with beef burger”,”crdt”:”Photograph by David Parry, Reuters”,”dsc”:”Professor Mark Post holds the world’s first lab-grown beef burger during a launch event in west London August 5, 2013. The in-vitro burger, cultured from cattle stem cells, the first example of what its creator says could provide an answer to global food shortages and help combat climate change, was fried in a pan and tasted by two volunteers. The burger is the result of years of research by Post, a vascular biologist at the University of Maastricht, who is working to show how meat grown in petri dishes might one day be a true alternative to meat from livestock.The meat in the burger has been made by knitting together around 20,000 strands of protein that has been cultured from cattle stem cells in Post’s lab.”,”ext”:”JPG”,”ttl”:”lab-grown-burger”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”Professor Mark Post holds the world’s first lab-grown beef burger during a launch event in west London August 5, 2013. The in-vitro burger, cultured from cattle stem cells, the first example of what its creator says could provide an answer to global food shortages and help combat climate change, was fried in a pan and tasted by two volunteers. The burger is the result of years of research by Post, a vascular biologist at the University of Maastricht, who is working to show how meat grown in petri dishes might one day be a true alternative to meat from livestock.The meat in the burger has been made by knitting together around 20,000 strands of protein that has been cultured from cattle stem cells in Post’s lab. “},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:”lab-grown-burger”}},”abstract”:”It’s “the same thing as traditional meat,” scientists say, but with “the animal taken out of the equation.””,”title”:”What exactly is lab-grown meat? Here’s what you need to know.”,”tags”:[{“name”:”Environment”,”id”:”623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5″,”type”:”sources”,”uri”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment”}]},{“id”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-history-tile”,”cmsType”:”RegularStandardPrismTile”,”isEntitled”:false,”cId”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-history-tile_0bf7eb9d-4b77-40e5-9870-8d2b601f71aa”,”description”:”After two-thirds of the country’s tidal flats were lost to shoreline development, South Korean scientists set out to prove why this ecosystem is so essential.”,”ctas”:[{“url”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/tidal-flats-wetland-conservation-south-korea”,”text”:”natgeo.ctaText.read”,”icon”:”article”}],”img”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0e1a545a-171f-4fd2-8fe6-7c7a73bd18a5/yrk_tidal_26.jpg”,”crdt”:”Photographs by Youngrae Kim”,”dsc”:”The sun sets over Muan tidal flat in South Korea on March 2, 2023.”,”ext”:”jpg”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”The sun sets over Muan tidal flat in South Korea on March 2, 2023.”},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:””}},”abstract”:”After two-thirds of the country’s tidal flats were lost to shoreline development, South Korean scientists set out to prove why this ecosystem is so essential.”,”title”:”South Korea shows how to fight an ecological disaster”,”tags”:[{“name”:”Environment”,”id”:”623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5″,”type”:”sources”,”uri”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment”}]},{“id”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-history-tile”,”cmsType”:”RegularStandardPrismTile”,”isEntitled”:false,”cId”:”natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-history-tile_af162fc3-6608-4ba9-ad11-3058fa0d1ef6″,”description”:”North America’s ancient bald cypress forests have told scientists about history’s legendary droughts and wet periods. Now they’re warning us about the future.”,”ctas”:[{“url”:”https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/forest-bald-cypress-climate-change-sea-level-rise”,”text”:”natgeo.ctaText.read”,”icon”:”article”}],”img”:{“crps”:[{“nm”:”raw”,”aspRto”:1.5003663003663004,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157.jpg”},{“nm”:”16×9″,”aspRto”:1.7777777777777777,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157_16x9.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×2″,”aspRto”:1.5,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157_3x2.jpg”},{“nm”:”square”,”aspRto”:1,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157_square.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×3″,”aspRto”:0.6666666666666666,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157_2x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”3×4″,”aspRto”:0.75,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157_3x4.jpg”},{“nm”:”4×3″,”aspRto”:1.3333333333333333,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157_4x3.jpg”},{“nm”:”2×1″,”aspRto”:2,”url”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157_2x1.jpg”}],”rt”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157″,”src”:”https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e0f2879-52da-4569-8202-ba08826adec6/NGS58026S19_191020_32157.jpg”,”altText”:”Two huge trees standing in swamp water.”,”crdt”:”Photograph by Mac Stone”,”dsc”:”Still waters don’t always run deep, but they have run high and low through North Carolina’s Black River for thousands of years, helping create and protect the oldest known stand of bald cypresses in the world, several more than 2,000 years old. “This is quintessential Black River,” says photographer Mac Stone. “I think it’s beautiful, but it’s not obvious beauty to everyone, which is probably why such swamps were so systematically drained and logged. But there is no more quintessential landscape in the South. You just can’t find this anywhere else.””,”ext”:”jpg”,”ttl”:”Ghost Forest-MM9795-oldest-stand-cypresses”,”rchDsc”:{“markup”:”Still waters don’t always run deep, but they have run high and low through North Carolina’s Black River for thousands of years, helping create and protect the oldest known stand of bald cypresses in the world, several more than 2,000 years old. “This is quintessential Black River,” says photographer Mac Stone. “I think it’s beautiful, but it’s not obvious beauty to everyone, which is probably why such swamps were so systematically drained and logged. But there is no more quintessential landscape in the South. You just can’t find this anywhere else.””},”rchTtl”:{“markup”:”Ghost Forest-MM9795-oldest-stand-cypresses”}},”abstract”:”North America’s ancient bald cypress forests have told scientists about history’s legendary droughts and wet periods. 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The biggest difference between the N-95 and other face masks is the material it is made of and how that material is able to filter out the virus carrying droplets or aerosols. The material appears more like densely-woven layered cloth than in the paper-like masks for general use.

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